10 Percent of Productive Women Experience Endometriosis, Let's Get to Know the Signs and Symptoms
Productive women are susceptible to endometriosis. (Photo: Freepik.com)
ENDOMETRIOSIS is a disease that many women experience. Endometriosis attacks 10 percent of women of reproductive age worldwide and continues to be a serious case at global and regional levels.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Endometriosis is a chronic, progressive disease that causes pain and is often painful, in which tissue that is similar to the inner lining of the uterus but grows outside the uterus.
Endometriosis tissue is like the lining in the uterus, this tissue can thicken, become damaged and bleed during each menstrual cycle. This tissue grows in places where it shouldn't, causing excessive pain.
Endometriosis is a disease with high recurrence, so it requires long-term therapy to treat it. Apart from that, early diagnosis is also needed so that healing is faster and smoother.
Unfortunately, there is often a delay in diagnosis so that Endometriosis patients come to the doctor at an advanced stage.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist and FKUI-RSCM teaching staff, Dr. Dr. Kanadi Sumapraja, Sp. OG, Subsp. FER, MSc., explained that endometriosis is still a big problem, especially for women in Indonesia. One of the causes is a delay in diagnosis, where data shows a delay in diagnosis of 6-8 years.
"In fact, at least five out of 100 women of reproductive age in Indonesia, as well as 1 in 10 women in Asia, experience endometriosis. "However, many of them just found out they had Endometriosis, so it came when the condition was already quite serious," he said when met at a media briefing held by Bayer with the theme 'Long-term hormonal therapy Dienogest is a strong recommendation for management. Endometriosis” which was held in Jakarta, Friday 8 March 2024.
Doctor Kanadi added that this disease causes high rates of morbidity, absenteeism and socio-economic costs, and also affects the quality of life, education, level of self-confidence and fertility in women (fertility).
Apart from that, endometriosis definitely causes a serious burden on women's physical and mental health, so it often hinders women's productivity and family harmony. Therefore, recognizing the signs of Endometriosis early is very important in expediting therapy, and requires high commitment and compliance to undergo very complex Endometriosis treatment.
“It is necessary to understand some of the signs and symptoms of Endometriosis. The main symptom is pelvic pain associated with the menstrual period. This pain will increase over time if proper treatment is not received. Apart from that, signs and symptoms that also need to be considered include chronic pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, cyclic intestinal complaints, and infertility. "Symptoms can occur in 40 percent of patients, and pain varies depending on where the endometriosis occurs," he said.
The pain referred to in Endometriosis can be pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), pain when urinating (dysuria), pain when defecating (dyschezia), lower abdominal pain, and pelvic pain.
Generally, Endometriosis patients complain of throbbing pain that spreads to the legs, as well as pain in the rectum and a sensation of the stomach being pulled down. Endometriosis is also grouped into peritoneal endometriosis (superficial), endometriosis cysts (endometrioma), and deep endometriosis (deep implant lesions).
"Those who have risk factors such as never having given birth, menstruating at an early age, menopause at a later age, a short menstrual cycle, namely a maximum of 27 days, have high estrogen levels, and have abnormalities in the production tract, need to carry out routine examinations related toEndometriosis," he said.
"This is because they have a high risk of developing endometriosis in the future. Because if not treated properly, women will be at risk of experiencing complications such as infertility and ovarian cancer," said Dr. Kanadi.
10 Persen Wanita Produktif Alami Endometriosis, Yuk Kenali Tanda dan Gejalanya
Wanita produktif rentan alami endometriosis. (Foto: Freepik.com)
ENDOMETRIOSIS merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak dialami oleh wanita. Endometriosis menyerang 10 persen perempuan usia produktif di seluruh dunia dan terus menjadi kasus serius di tingkat Global dan Regional.
Menurut World Health Organization (WHO), Endometriosis menjadi penyakit kronis progresif yang menyebabkan nyeri dan seringkali menyakitkan, di mana jaringan yang mirip dengan lapisan dalam rahim namun tumbuh di luar rahim.
Jaringan endometriosis bersifat seperti lapisan di dalam rahim, jaringan tersebut bisa menebal, rusak, dan berdarah setiap kali siklus menstruasi. Jaringan ini tumbuh di tempat yang bukan semestinya sehingga menimbulkan rasa sakit yang berlebihan.
Endometriosis termasuk penyakit dengan kekambuhan tinggi, sehingga memerlukan terapi jangka panjang untuk menanganinya. Selain itu, juga diperlukan adanya diagnosa dini agar penyembuhan lebih cepat dan lancar.
Sayangnya kerap kali terjadi penundaan diagnosis sehingga pasien Endometriosis datang ke dokter sudah stadium lanjut.
Dokter Spesialis Kebidanan dan Kandungan serta staf pengajar FKUI-RSCM Dr. dr. Kanadi Sumapraja, Sp. OG, Subsp. FER, MSc., menjelaskan Endometriosis masih menjadi masalah yang besar khususnya bagi perempuan di Indonesia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah keterlambatan diagnosa, dimana data menunjukkan adanya keterlambatan diagnosa 6-8 tahun.
“Padahal, setidaknya lima dari 100 perempuan usia produktif di Indonesia, serta 1 dari 10 perempuan di Asia, mengalami Endometriosis. Namun, banyak dari mereka yang baru mengetahui dirinya mengidap Endometriosis, sehingga datang saat kondisi sudah lumayan parah,” tuturnya saat ditemui dalam acara media briefing yang diselenggarakan Bayer dengan tema 'Terapi hormonal jangka panjang Dienogest menjadi rekomendasi kuat pengelolaan Endometriosis” yang diselenggarakan di Jakarta, Jumat 8 Maret 2024.
Dokter Kanadi menambahkan penyakit ini menyebabkan tingginya angka morbiditas, ketidakhadiran, dan biaya sosial ekonomi, juga berpengaruh pada kualitas hidup, pendidikan, tingkat kepercayaan diri dan kesuburan pada perempuan (fertilitas).
Selain itu, Endometriosis sudah pasti menimbulkan beban serius bagi kesehatan fisik dan mental perempuan, sehingga kerap menghambat produktivitas perempuan dan keharmonisan keluarga. Oleh karena itu mengenali tanda-tanda Endometriosis sejak dini sangat penting dalam memperlancar terapi, serta dibutuhkan komitmen tinggi dan kepatuhan untuk menjalani pengobatan Endometriosis yang sangat kompleks.
“Perlu dipahami beberapa tanda dan gejala Endometriosis. Gejala utamanya adalah nyeri panggul yang dikaitkan dengan periode menstruasi. Nyeri ini akan meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu jika tidak mendapat pengobatan yang tepat. Selain itu, tanda dan gejala yang juga perlu diperhatikan seperti nyeri pelvik kronik, dispareunia dalam, keluhan intestinal siklik, dan kurang subur. Gejala dapat timbul pada 40 persen pasien, dan rasa nyeri bervariasi tergantung pada tempat terjadinya endometriosis,” tuturnya.
Nyeri yang dimaksud dalam Endometriosis dapat berupa nyeri saat haid (dismenorea), nyeri saat berhubungan seksual (dispareunia), nyeri saat berkemih (disuria), nyeri saat buang air besar (diskezia), nyeri perut bagian bawah, serta nyeri panggul.
Umumnya pasien Endometriosis mengeluhkan nyeri berdenyut dan menjalar hingga ke tungkai, serta nyeri pada rektum dan adanya sensasi perut yang ditarik ke bawah. Endometriosis juga dikelompokan menjadi endometriosis peritoneum (superfisial), kista endometriosis (endometrioma), serta deep endometriosis (lesi susukan dalam).
“Mereka yang memiliki faktor risiko seperti belum pernah melahirkan, menstruasi usia dini, menopause di usia lanjut, siklus menstruasi yang pendek yaitu maksimal 27 hari, memiliki tingkat estrogen yang tinggi, dan punya kelainan saluran produksi, perlu melakukan pemeriksaan rutin terkait Endometriosis," ucapnya.
"Hal ini karena mereka memiliki risiko tinggi untuk mengalami Endometriosis di kemudian hari. Karena jika tidak diobati dengan tepat, perempuan akan berisiko mengalami komplikasi seperti infertilitas dan kanker ovarium,” kata dr Kanadi.